The author of the article analyzes the activities of the French consuls in the Mediterranean countries of the 19th century concerning the study of the historical heritage of the disappeared civilizations of the Ancient epochs. Possessing certain prosperity and leisure, the French diplomats devoted their free time to the collection of antiquities and historical researches, becoming the initiators of the archaeological study of ancient monuments in several countries of the region. The author pays special attention to the scientific and collector's activities of Louis François Sébastien Fauvel and Paul-Emile Botta , who made an important contribution to the study of Ancient Greece and Ancient Assyria, respectively.