The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian-French confrontation in the Middle East at the period of the Second Coalition (1798–1802). The Russian troops hadn’t been directly involved in the fight against the expedition corps under command of Napoleon Bonaparte that invaded to Egypt and Syria, but this possibility was considered by Ottoman authorities, as well as by British and French commandment. Meanwhile the emperors Paul I and Alexander I had their own plans concerning the Middle East. The special attention is paid to the image of Russia in the propaganda war that the parties of the conflict were fighting for the minds of Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire.